D2.0R雌性BALB/c小鼠D2乳腺增生性肺泡结节肿瘤细胞株mouse) breast cancer cell liine BioVector NTCC®典型培养物保藏中心

NTCC® D2.0R细胞系（或称 D2OR，Cellosaurus登录号CVCL_0I88）是一种鼠源（小鼠）乳腺癌细胞模型，在癌症研究中被广泛用于研究肿瘤休眠和转移复发。它通常与相关的、高增殖性的D2A1细胞系进行比较研究。

• 起源: D2.0R细胞源自雌性BALB/c小鼠的D2乳腺增生性肺泡结节肿瘤，但其建系来源的肿瘤不易形成自发性转移。

• 表型: 它的特点是在特定的微环境（体内和体外）中表现出休眠或静止表型。这些细胞可以以单个非增殖细胞的状态长期存活，然后在特定条件下重新激活并形成转移灶。

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• 研究用途: 该细胞系对于研究控制肿瘤从休眠状态转变为侵袭性、增殖性转移生长的机制至关重要。研究人员利用它来探讨细胞外基质（ECM）成分（如I型胶原蛋白可诱导增殖）和免疫系统（如自然杀伤细胞在维持休眠中起关键作用）在调节休眠中的作用。

• 休眠标志物: 休眠的D2.0R细胞通常表达较低水平的增殖标志物Ki-67、磷酸化ERK，而表达较高水平的p38以及休眠相关基因，如Cfh和Gas6。ERK/p38活性的比例被认为是判断细胞增殖或休眠状态的关键指标。

• 培养条件: 在使用基底膜提取物（BME）基质的标准3D培养系统中，D2.0R细胞通常保持静止（休眠）状态，而D2A1细胞则会增殖。

D2.0R模型已证实，使用针对活跃增殖细胞的常规化疗可能会“放过”非分裂的休眠癌细胞，而这些细胞正是后期转移的根源。这强调了开发专门针对休眠细胞的治疗方法的重要性。自体吞噬（Autophagy，又称细胞自噬）被发现是促进休眠D2.0R细胞存活的关键机制之一。

• Origin: The D2.0R cells were derived from a D2 hyperplastic alveolar nodule mammary tumor in a female BALB/c mouse, but were established from a tumor that did not readily form spontaneous metastases.

• Phenotype: They are characterized by a dormant or quiescent phenotype in certain microenvironments both in vivo and in vitro, meaning they can survive as solitary, non-proliferating cells for extended periods before potentially forming metastases.

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• Research Use: This cell line is crucial for investigating the mechanisms that control the switch from a dormant state to aggressive, proliferative metastatic growth. Researchers use it to study the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition (e.g., type I collagen induces proliferation) and the immune system (e.g., natural killer cells are key for maintaining dormancy) in regulating dormancy.

• Dormancy Markers: Dormant D2.0R cells express specific markers such as low levels of the proliferation marker Ki-67, low levels of phosphorylated ERK, high levels of p38, and high levels of dormancy-related genes like Cfh and Gas6.

• Culture Conditions: In a standard 3D culture system using a basement membrane extract (BME) matrix, D2.0R cells typically remain quiescent (dormant), while the D2A1 cells proliferate.

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