Human Epidermal Melanocytes (HEM)人表皮黑色素细胞 BioVector NTCC质粒载体菌种细胞基因保藏中心

Human Epidermal Melanocytes (HEM)人表皮黑色素细胞 BioVector NTCC质粒载体菌种细胞基因保藏中心
Human Epidermal Melanocytes (HEM) maintain their characteristic shape in culture for many generations. They produce melanin and serve as a useful cell model for the studies of melanocyte proliferation and differentiation, as well as progression of melanocytic neoplasia. Epidermal melanocytes are pigment-producing cells located at the basal level of epidermis, where they interact with keratinocytes via cellular processes called dendrites. Melanin, the pigment produced by melanocytes and responsible for skin color, is then transferred to keratinocytes, where it is stored in vesicles called melanosomes located around the nucleus to provide protection from UV radiation.

HEM have been used to:
• Identify unique features and biomarkers of melanoma cells
• Show that IGFBP7 is dispensable for B-RAFV600E-induced senescence
• Investigate mechanisms of cellular senescence, in particular by showing that Id1 extends the life span of melanocytes through inhibition of p16/INK4a expression
• Discover the central role of oncogenic BRAF gene in melanoma oncogenesis by demonstrating that the constitutive MAPK pathway activation leading to activation of mTOR, STAT3-dependent transcription of Mcl-1, Tbx3-mediated repression of E-cadherin leading to increased metastasis in melanoma cells all result from overexpression and/or mutations of BRAF gene
• Discover other key players in oncogenic signaling leading to melanoma, such as PI3K which regulates MAPK activation in response to oncogenic c-Kit activity, Nck2 adaptor protein which participates in regulation of tyrosine kinases activity and the role of mitochondria metabolism in advanced melanoma
• Demonstrate that p16INK4a-Rb-CDK4/6 senescence-inducing tumor suppressor pathway in inhibited in melanoma cells leading to proliferation of cells harboring DNA damage and by studying expression of senescence markers

II. Preparation for Culturing
1. Ensure the Class II Biological Safety Cabinet, with HEPA filtered laminar airflow, is in proper working condition.
2. Sterilize the Biological Safety Cabinet with 70% alcohol.
3. Turn the Biological Safety Cabinet blower on for 10 minutes before beginning cell culture work.
4. Make sure all serological pipettes, pipette tips and reagent solutions are sterile.
5. Follow the standard sterilization technique and safety rules:
a. Do not pipette by mouth.
b. Always wear gloves and safety glasses when working with human cells even though all the strains have been tested negative for HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
c. Handle all cell culture work in a sterile hood.
III. Culturing HEM
A. Preparing cell culture flasks for culturing hem
1. Take the Melanocyte Growth Medium from the refrigerator. Decontaminate the bottle with 70% alcohol in a sterile hood.
2. Pipette 15 ml of Melanocyte Growth Medium* to a T-75 flask.
*Keep the medium to surface area ratio at 1ml per 5 cm2.
For example:
5 ml for a T-25 flask or a 60 mm tissue culture dish.
15 ml for a T-75 flask or a 100 mm tissue culture dish.
B. Thawing and plating hem
1. Remove the cryopreserved vial of HEM from the liquid nitrogen storage tank using proper protection for your eyes and hands.
2. Turn the vial cap a quarter turn to release any liquid nitrogen that may be trapped in the threads, then re-tighten the cap.
3. Thaw the cells quickly by placing the lower half of the vial in a 37°C water bath and watch the vial closely during the thawing process.
4. Remove the vial from the water bath when only a small amount of ice is left in the vial. Do not let cells thaw completely.
5. Decontaminate the vial exterior with 70% alcohol in a sterile Biological Safety Cabinet.
6. Remove the vial cap carefully. Do not touch the rim of the cap or the vial with your hands to avoid contamination.
7. Resuspend the cells in the vial by gently pipetting the cells 5 times with a 2 ml pipette. Be careful not to pipette too vigorously as to cause foaming.
8. Pipette the cell suspension (1ml) from the vial into the T-75 flask containing 15 ml of Melanocyte Growth Medium.
9. Cap the flask and rock gently to evenly distribute the cells.
10. Place the T-75 flask in a 37oC, 5% CO2 humidified incubator. Loosen the cap to allow gas exchange. For best results, do not disturb the culture for 24 hours after inoculation.
11. Change to fresh Melanocyte Growth Medium after 24 hours or overnight to remove all traces of DMSO.
12. Change Melanocyte Growth Medium every other day until the cells reach 60% confluency.
13. Double the Melanocyte Growth Medium volume when the culture is >60% confluent or for weekend feedings.
14. Subculture the cells when the HEM culture reaches 80% confluency.
IV. Subculturing HEM
A. Preparing subculture reagents
1. Remove the Trypsin-EDTA solution and Trypsin Inhibitor from the -20°C freezer and thaw overnight in a refrigerator.
2. Make sure all the subculture reagents are thawed. Swirl each bottle gently several times to form homogeneous solutions.
3. Store all the subculture reagents at 4°C for future use.
4. Aliquot Trypsin/EDTA solution and store the unused portion at -20°C if only a portion of the Trypsin/EDTA is needed.
B. Preparing culture flask
1. Take the Melanocyte Growth Medium from the refrigerator. Decontaminate the bottle with 70% alcohol in a sterile hood.
2. Pipette 30 ml of Melanocyte Growth Medium to a T-175 flask (to be used in Section IV C Step 15.)
C. Subculturing hem
Trypsinize Cells at Room Temperature. Do Not Warm Any Reagents to 37°C.
1. Remove the medium from culture flasks by aspiration.
2. Wash the monolayer of cells with HBSS and remove the solution by aspiration.
3. Pipette 5 ml of Trypsin/EDTA Solution into the T-75 flask. Rock the flask gently to ensure the solution covers all the cells.
4. Remove 4 ml of the solution immediately.
5. Re-cap the flask tightly and monitor the trypsinization progress at room temperature under an inverted microscope. It usually takes about 2 to 4 minutes for the cells to become rounded. The cells may not become completely round during the trypsinization and some cells may maintain some processes even though they are loosened from the culture surface.
6. Release the rounded cells from the culture surface by hitting the side of the flask against your palm until most of the cells are detached.
7. Pipette 5 ml of Trypsin Inhibitor Solution to the flask to inhibit further tryptic activity.
8. Transfer the cell suspension from the flask to a 50 ml sterile conical tube.
9. Rinse the flask with an additional 5 ml of Trypsin Inhibitor Solution and transfer the solution into the same conical tube.
10. Examine the T-75 flask under a microscope. If there are >20% cells left in the flask, repeat Steps 2-9.
11. Centrifuge the conical tube at 220 x g for 5 minutes to pellet the cells.
12. Aspirate the supernatant from the tube without disturbing the cell pellet.
13. Flick the tip of the conical tube with your finger to loosen the cell pellet.
14. Resuspend the cells in 5 ml of Melanocyte Growth Medium by gently pipetting the cells to break up the clumps.
15. Count the cells with a hemocytometer or cell counter. Inoculate at 10,000 cells per cm2 for rapid growth, or at 6,000 cells per cm2for regular subculturing.

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